ABSTRACT
Le syndrome de Stevens-Johnson et le syndrome de Lyell, ou nécrolyse épidermique toxique, représentent des réactions d'hypersensibilité cutanées rares, habituellement d'origine médicamenteuse, potentiellement mortelles. Les atteintes ophtalmologiques au cours de ces syndromes peuvent être graves et conduire à la cécité. Ces atteintes peuvent être prises en charge par des soins oculaires appropriés. Nous rapportons deux cas de syndrome de Lyell: le premier ayant présenté une complication oculaire due à l'absence de la prise en charge oculaire en phase aigüe. Le deuxième ayant bénéficié de la technique de synéchiolyse
Subject(s)
Central African Republic , Eye Manifestations , Pediatrics , Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome/etiology , Stevens-Johnson SyndromeABSTRACT
Objectif : Determiner la prevalence et les principales manifestations oculaires au cours de la polyarthrite rhumatoide a Abidjan. Patients et Methode : Etude prospective descriptive de 24 polyarthrites rhumatoides repondant aux criteres de l'American College of Rheumatology; vues de Septembre 2003 a Aout 2004 au service de rhumatologie du CHU de Cocody. Les patients ont effectue un examen ophtalmologique comprenant: acuite visuelle; examen a la lampe a fente; fond d'oil; vision des couleurs et champ visuel. Resultats : Les manifestations oculaires etaient observees chez 9 des 24 patients soit une prevalence de 37;5 . Il s'agissait de 03 cas de baisse de l'acuite visuelle; 03 cas de cataracte; 02 cas de keratite et 01 cas d'uveite anterieure. Aucune anomalie au fond d'oil; a la vision des couleurs et du champ n'a ete mise en evidence. Ces manifestations ont ete decouvertes entre 5 et 10 ans (04 cas) et apres 10 ans (05 cas) d'evolution de la maladie. La duree de la polyarthrite rhumatoide influencait la survenue des manifestations oculaires (P=0;00). Conclusion : Les manifestations oculaires au cours de la polyarthrite rhumatoide sont peu frequentes dans notre pratique et etaient principalement des atteintes de l'acuite visuelle; des annexes et segment anterieur de l'oeil
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Eye ManifestationsABSTRACT
Aims: To study the etiopathophysiology of ectropion and entropion in a sub-Saharan tertiary eye care center and examine how it differs from reports elsewhere. Methods and Materials: This was a retrospective audit of all consecutive patients who presented with ectropion or entropion to the oculoplastics clinic of a tertiary eye care unit. We reviewed the medical records of all such patients and data extracted include age; gender; etiopathology; and diagnosis. The primary oculoplastic disease was used in classifying the patients. The study period covered January 2008-June 2012. Results: A total of 53 patients were identified constituting 37.3 of all eyelid diseases. Thirty-three (62.3) were males. Forty-eight (90.6) had ectropion; 43(89.6) of which were cicatricial ectropion. Five (9.4) had entropion. The median age group affected was 30-39 years (26.4). There were no cases of congenital ectropion or entropion. The leading etiological factor was trauma in 36 cases (67.9); which was mostly due to road traffic accidents (50.9). Conclusions: This study highlights a difference in etiopathophysiology of ectropion and entropion in a sub-Saharan region when compared to reported data from developed countries. In Nigeria; ectropion (which is often cicatricial) is usually secondary to trauma whereas senile involution is the common cause in many developed countries. This finding has implications in appropriate planning and skill acquisition for surgical correction in this group of patients
Subject(s)
Ectropion/physiopathology , Entropion/physiopathology , Eye Manifestations , Ophthalmologic Surgical ProceduresABSTRACT
Nous rapportons trois cas cliniques qui demontraient chacun une pathologie d'origine oto-rhino-laryngee (ORL) initiale; qui etait revelee par une atteinte oculo-orbitaire. Ces trois cas etaient differents de part leurs etiologies. Leur symptomatologie commune associait la baisse d'acuite visuelle et l'exophtalmie. Un examen ORL complet est indispensable devant toutes atteintes oculo-orbitaires pour la recherche d'un eventuel foyer primitif
Subject(s)
Case Reports , Eye Manifestations , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases , Vision DisordersABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the ocular manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among the study population.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among HIV-AIDS patients at the Federal Medical Centre; Owo; Nigeria. Ethics clearance was obtained from the ethics review committee of the hospital. Informed consent was obtained from all the respondents. This study was conducted over a period of nine months; from October 2010-June 2011; at the medical outpatient centre and the eye clinic of the hospital. The obtained information included the socio-demographics of the respondents; World Health Organization clinical stage of AIDS; CD4 count; duration of HIV-positive status; history of ocular problems and the treatment sought.Results: A total of 112 consenting respondents participated in this study. Not many respondents (36; 32.1) were aware of eye complications that relate to HIV-AIDS. Most informed respondents had been enlightened by health workers (20; 55.6). Few respondents (16; 14.3) had HIV-AIDS ocular manifestations. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common ocular manifestation.Conclusion: Efforts should be made to promote the ocular health of HIV-AIDS patients to prevent blinding ocular manifestation
Subject(s)
Carcinoma , Epithelial Cells , Eye Manifestations , HIV Seropositivity , PatientsABSTRACT
Background: This study was aimed at determining the ophthalmic manifestations of patients presenting with brain tumours in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Method: A retrospective crossectional review of patients with brain tumors in the Neurosurgical Unit of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife from January 2003 to December 2007 was conducted. Data on biodata, source of referral, diagnosis, visual acuity at presentation and management were recorded and analyzed for simple frequency using the SPSS version 11. Visual acuity was classified using the WHO classification for presenting acuity in the better eye. Results: Out of a total of 94 patients, 88 with complete information were reviewed. There were 53 [60.2%] males and 35 [39.8%] females; the mean age was 36.2±20 years. Fourteen [15.9%] patients were referred by Ophthalmologists. Meningiomas(36.4%), craniopharyngioma(13.6%) and gliomas(9.1%) were the most common brain tumours encountered. Fifty nine(67.9%) had visual complains at presentation; poor vision (46.6%) and double vision (12.5%) were the most common ocular symptoms while opticatrophy was the commonest ocular sign (23.9%). 46 (52%) %) were blind while 14(16%) had visual impairment. Patients with visual impairment and blindness were more likely to have visual complains at presentation (88.3%) compared with 50% amongst patients with normal vision (P=0.003). Conclusion: Ophthalmic signs and symptoms form a major part of presentation in patients with intracranial tumours. Health education and complete ophthalmic evaluation is essential in patients with brain tumours
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Manifestations , Hospitals, Teaching , Nigeria , Signs and SymptomsABSTRACT
Context: Ocular manifestations of lymphoma are rare events. Most reports of ocular involvement in lymphoma are case reports or reports of a few patients. Aims: To determine the ophthalmic disorders in adult; African; lymphoma patients. Settings and Design: A prospective study of ocular disorders in adult patients with lymphoma was conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital; Benin City; Nigeria; between July 2004 and June 2007. Materials and Methods: The patients were interviewed and examined by the authors and the ocular findings recorded. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed on computer with the aid of the Instat GraghPadT v2.05a statistical package software. The mean; standard deviation; Mann-Whitney U-statistic and P value were calculated. Results: A total of 111 patients with hematological malignancies were seen over a period of three years of which 62 (55.85) had lymphomas. Of these; 51(82.3) were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 11(17.7) were Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ocular disorders occurred in 16 patients (31.4) with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and none of the patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (Mann-Whitney U-statistic is equal to 7.500; U' is equal to161.50; P ; 0.0001). The ocular disorders due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were seen as - proptosis in six patients (11.8); retinopathies in three (5.9); conjunctival infiltration in three (5.9); optic atrophy in two (3.9); keratoconjunctivitis in one (two per cent); desquamating nodular lid lesions in one (two per cent); papilloedema in one (two per cent); and upper lid mass in one (two per cent). Four patients (6.5) had monocular blindness. Conclusions: Ophthalmic disorders are relatively common in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ophthalmic evaluation is needed in these patients for early identification and treatment of potentially blinding conditions
Subject(s)
Adult , Eye Manifestations , LymphomaABSTRACT
Le deficit en vitamine A est responsable de cecite crepusculaire ou hemeralopie; de xerophtalmie et peut aboutir a la cecite. Au Burkina Faso; les etudes realisees dans differentes regions ont montre la gravite de la situation mais la methodologie utilisee ne permet pas d'extrapoler des resulats obtenus a l'ensemble du pays. La notion d'hemeralopie a ete dans un premier temps recherchee chez 466 enfants ages de 6 a 14 ans et a ete notee chez 14 d'entre eux soit une prevalence de 3 p. 100 dans cette tranche d'age. Dans un second temps; au sein d'un echantillon de 281 sujets de tous ages issus de 30 familles du village selectionnees de facon aleatoire; la prevalence de l'hemeralopie etait de 3;9 p; 100 (6 p. 100 chez les enfants ages de 2 a 5 ans). L'examen clinique a montre qu'une xerophtalmie etait presente chez 7 p. 100 des sujets examines. La frequence de celle-ci a diminue de moitie apres la saison des mangues pour devenir nulle apres administration d'une capsule de 200000 UI de vitamine A. Sur 8 cas de cecite recenses; 5 etaient d'origine onchocerquienne et 2 etaient lies a la carence en vitamine A. Ces donnees soulignent la place importante de cette carence dans la survenue de manifestations oculaires severes au Burkina Faso et la necessite d'une prevention
Subject(s)
Eye Manifestations , Vision Disorders , Vitamin A Deficiency , XerophthalmiaABSTRACT
Background: Visual acuity is a fundamental of an eye examination. It establishes in a quantitative way how well an eye can see. Apart from being a starting point in dealing with an eye; it is also a prognostic reference point and a medico-legal tool. Very few studies directly related to visual acuities are available as many authors concentrate on blindness and visual impairment. Aim: To document the presenting visual acuity of patients seen in a new Eye Centre in Port Harcourt over a 12 -month period. Methods: The visual acuities of the first 202 patients seen at a new private eye centre were obtained from case file records. The visual acuities were then analysed from 6/6 and better to No Light Perception. The visual acuities were further analysed into satisfactory vision; low vision; bilateral and uniocular blindness. Also analysed were age and sex distribution and a panoramic overview of the ocular problems of the patients. Results: Visual acuities 6/6 and better was seen in 32.2of the patients. In functional vision groupings 78.7had satisfactory vision; while 20.9had low vision. Bilateral blindness was found in 0.5and uniocular blindness in 0.9. Males were 54.0of the patients while 46.0were female. The age range 20-50 years accounted for 63.8of the patients. Conclusion: This study has documented the prevalence of satisfactory vision; low vision; bilateral and uniocular blindness in Port Harcourt and it will serve as a reference point in future visual acuity studies in the region
Subject(s)
Eye Manifestations , Vision, Ocular , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Introduction : Parmi les craniostenoses; le syndrome d'Apert demande la collaboration de plusieurs specialistes; pour sauver ce qui peut l'etre de la fonction visuelle des patients et permettre un developpement cerebral le plus proche de la normale. Observation : Nous presentons le cas d'une jeune suivie et traitee depuis son jeune age pour un syndrome d'Apert. Elle a subi plusieurs interventions successives pour garder a un age assez avance une fonction visuelle appreciable a 3/10. Les modifications anato- miques ont ineluctablement influe sur l'etat visuel de la patiente avec une myopie forte; un astigmatisme relativement important et une atrophie papillaire partielle.Discussion : D'origine genetique; le syndrome d'Apert est du a une mutation allelique du recepteur 2 d'un facteur fibroblastique. Les signes de souffrance cerebrale sont inevitables; et l'atrophie optique relative represente la sequelle fonctionnelle principale. Conclusion : Une prise en charge de longue haleine est necessaire dans le syndrome d'Apert pour esperer sauver une fonction visuelle utile
Subject(s)
Adrenogenital Syndrome/complications , Craniosynostoses , Eye Manifestations , Optic AtrophyABSTRACT
Cette etude se propose d'evaluer l'importance du handicap visuel a l'Institut d'Ophtalmologie Tropicale d'Afrique (IOTA) dans la population la plus active sur le plan economique et social. Il s'agit d'une enquete hospitaliere transve rsale sur deux mois; menee a l'IOTA; centre de 3e reference en ophtalmologie; qui a permis d'incl u re 828 patients ages de 18 a 50 ans; venus pour une premiere fois en consultation entre le 1er avril et le 4 mai 2003. Chaque patient a subi un examen ophtalmo-logique complet et les donnees ont ete recueillies sur un formulaire d'enquete. Huit cent vingt huit patients ont ete inclus dans l'etude. Le principal motif de consul-tation etait la baisse d'acuite visuelle pour 40d'entre eux. Le bilan diagnostic avait retrouve 626 cas (75;6) d'atteintes organiques et 153 cas (18;5) d'ametropies. L' examen oculaire etait normal pour 49 patients (6). La cecite binoculaire (48 cas) representait 5;8des cas. Les causes etaient dominees par la cataracte (29;2). Les manifestations oculaires VIH/SIDA representaient la 3e cause de cecite binoculaire avec 14;6cas; ce qui montre que le VIH/SIDA serait en train de modifier les donnees epidemiologiques de la cecite; une transition epidemiologique a prendre en conside-ration. La cecite monoculaire (95 cas) representait 11;5de l'ensemble des patients. Les traumatismes (50;5); les infections (26) les affections degeneratives (18) en etaient les principales causes. La basse vision (70 cas) representait 8;5cas. Les causes etaient dominees par les ametropies (23). Il y a peu d'enquetes en milieu hospitalier sur les causes de cecite. Le resultat le plus marquant de cette etude est la place importante prise par les complications oculaires de l'infection par le VIH. L' importance de la basse vision; souvent negligee en Afrique de l'Ouest; est a souligner